A partire dal 2001 il Dr. Perinetti ha mantenuto un'intensa attività di ricerca che ha prodotto circa 80 pubblicazioni internazionali soprattutto in forma di articoli scientifici, ma anche capitoli di libri, editoriali e commenti nelle maggiori riviste del settore ortodontico.

• Periodontology (11) continua a leggere

  Perinetti G, Di Leonardo B, Di Lenarda R, Contardo L.
  Repeatability of the gingival crevicular fluid collection and measurement, as determined through alkaline phosphatase activity: Implications for diagnostic uses.
  J Periodont Res 2013;48:98-104.

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  BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: In spite of four decades of studies on gingival crevicular fluid, no data have been reported on the repeatability of gingival crevicular fluid collection and the subsequent quantification procedures. The present study reports, for the first time, on the repeatability and method error of gingival crevicular fluid collection and quantification, as determined through its alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity. Diagnostic considerations are then explored. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Twenty-seven healthy subjects (17 women and 10 men; mean age ± SD, 21.2 ± 4.8 years) with optimal periodontal status were enrolled according to a blind prospective design. The gingival crevicular fluid was collected at baseline, and after 1 d, 1 wk and 3 mo. At each clinical session, two consecutive rounds of gingival crevicular fluid collection were made from each of the four maxillary incisors, allowing the recovery of resting and flow gingival crevicular fluid. The total ALP activities were determined spectrophotometrically, and repeatability and method errors for the resting, flow and overall (resting + flow) gingival crevicular fluid ALP activities were calculated, relative to the corresponding baseline levels. RESULTS: No significant differences were seen over time, although the flow gingival crevicular fluid ALP activity was generally lower than that for the resting gingival crevicular fluid. The method errors ranged from 40 to 58%, with the flow and overall gingival crevicular fluid activities showing the highest and lowest errors, respectively. CONCLUSION: Reliable use of the gingival crevicular fluid ALP collection and quantification, both in research and diagnosis on an individual basis, should take into account relevant errors, and variations are to be considered as true only above relevant thresholds.

  Paolantonio M, Femminella B, Coppolino E, Sammartino G, D’Arcangelo C, Perfetti G, Perinetti G.
  Autogenous periosteal barrier membranes and bone grafts in the treatment of periodontal intrabony defects of single-rooted teeth: a 12-month reentry randomized controlled clinical trial.
  J Periodontol 2010;81:1587-95.

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  BACKGROUND: This randomized clinical trial compares the outcomes of combination treatment by autogenous periosteal membranes and bone graft versus guided tissue regeneration (GTR) with collagen membranes or open-flap debridement (OFD) only in the treatment of intraosseous defects. METHODS: Forty-two patients affected by moderate to severe chronic periodontitis were enrolled. Each patient had one deep intrabony defect (≥6 mm). They were randomly assigned into three groups: patients treated with 1) an OFD procedure alone (OFD group); 2) a GTR procedure with collagen membranes (GTR group); and 3) a combined treatment procedure by autogenous periosteal membranes and autogenous bone chips (aCPRT group). Clinical and intrasurgical examinations including probing depth (PD), clinical attachment level (CAL), gingival recession (GR), and defect bone level (DBL) were performed at baseline and after 1 year. RESULTS: After 1 year, all of the evaluated clinical parameters showed statistically significant changes from baseline within each group (P <0.01). The GTR and aCPRT groups had significantly greater PD reductions (5.2 and 4.4 mm, respectively) and CAL (3.2 and 3.9 mm) and DBL gains (2.4 and 3.1 mm) compared to the OFD group (PD, 2.9 mm; CAL, 1.6 mm; DBL, 1.5 mm); moreover, the aCPRT group showed a significantly smaller GR increase (0.5 mm) and a greater DBL gain (3.1 mm) compared to the GTR group (2 and 2.4 mm, respectively; P <0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Both the GTR and aCPRT treatments produce additional clinical benefits over OFD alone. Moreover, the aCPRT technique can minimize post-surgical GR and produce better defect bone-level improvement.[/toggle]

  Paolantonio M, D’Ercole S, Pilloni A, D’Archivio D, Lisanti L, Graziani F, Femminella B, Sammartino G, Perillo L, Tetè S, Perfetti G, Spoto G, Piccolomini R, Perinetti G.
  Clinical, microbiologic, and biochemical effects of subgingival administration of a Xanthan-based chlorhexidine gel in the treatment of periodontitis: a randomized multicenter trial.
  J Periodontol 2009;80:1479-92.

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  BACKGROUND: The use of locally delivered antibacterials containing chlorhexidine (CHX) was proposed to improve the effectiveness of non-surgical periodontal treatment. The present multicenter randomized study investigated the effects of a xanthan-based chlorhexidine (Xan-CHX) gel used as an adjunct to scaling and root planing (SRP) in the treatment of chronic periodontitis. METHODS: Ninety-eight systemically healthy subjects with moderate to advanced periodontitis were recruited in four centers (59 females and 39 males; aged 24 to 58 years). For each subject, two experimental sites located in two symmetric quadrants were chosen with probing depths (PD) >or=5 mm and positive for bleeding on probing (BOP). These two sites were randomized at the split-mouth level with one receiving a single SRP treatment and the other receiving a single SRP + Xan-CHX gel treatment. Supragingival plaque, modified gingival index, PD, clinical attachment level (CAL), and BOP were evaluated at baseline (prior to any treatment) and after 3 and 6 months. At the same times, subgingival microbiologic samples and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) were collected for the analysis of total bacterial counts (TBCs), including the identification of eight putative periodontopathogens, and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, respectively. RESULTS: The Xan-CHX treatment group showed greater improvements compared to the SRP group for PD and CAL at 3 and 6 months (P <0.001). The differences in PD reduction between the treatments were 0.87 and 0.83 mm at 3 and 6 months, respectively (P <0.001); for CAL, these were 0.94 and 0.90 mm, respectively (P <0.001). Similar behavior was seen when the subgroup of pockets >or=7 mm was considered. The percentage of sites positive for BOP was similar between the treatments at each time point. For the comparisons between the treatment groups, no differences were seen in the TBCs and GCF ALP activity at baseline and 6 months; in contrast, slightly, but significantly, lower scores were recorded for the Xan-CHX treatment group at 3 months (P = 0.018 and P = 0.045, respectively). Moreover, greater reductions in the percentages of sites positive for the eight putative periodontopathic bacteria were generally seen for the Xan-CHX treatment group compared to SRP alone. CONCLUSIONS: The adjunctive use of Xan-CHX gel promoted greater PD reductions and CAL gains compared to SRP alone. These results were concomitant with better microbiologic and biochemical outcomes when Xan-CHX gel use was added to SRP, particularly up to 3 months after treatment.

  Paolantonio M, Perinetti G, Dolci M, Perfetti G, Tete S, Sammartino G, Femminella B, Graziani F.
  Surgical treatment of periodontal intrabony defects with calcium sulfate implant and barrier versus collagen barrier or open flap debridement alone: a 12-month randomized controlled clinical trial.
  J Periodontol 2008;79:1886-93.

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  BACKGROUND: This randomized controlled clinical trial was designed to compare the clinical outcomes of guided tissue regeneration with calcium sulfate graft and membrane (CS) versus guided tissue regeneration with collagen membrane (CM) or open flap debridement (OFD) only in terms of clinical attachment gain in periodontal intrabony defects. METHODS: Fifty-one systemically healthy, non-smoking subjects affected by moderate to severe chronic periodontitis were recruited. The subjects had one deep intrabony defect with a probing depth (PD) > or =6 mm and were randomly divided into three equal groups (17 subjects per group). Subjects were surgically treated with OFD (OFD group), OFD with CS (CS group), or OFD and CM (CM group). One year after surgical treatment, a complete clinical examination and a surgical reentry were performed. The pre- and post-therapy clinical parameters, including PD, clinical attachment level (CAL), gingival recession (GR), and intrasurgical parameters (defect bone level [DBL]), were compared. RESULTS: After 1 year, the clinical and intrasurgical parameters showed statistically significant changes from baseline within each group for all of the evaluated parameters (PD and CAL, P <0.001; GR and DBL, P <0.05). Differences (PD, CAL, and DBL, P <0.001; GR, P <0.05) were also seen across the three groups. The CM and CS groups had significantly smaller PD, CAL, and DBL values than subjects treated with only OFD. Groups treated with regenerative techniques had a significantly greater PD reduction and CAL and DBL gain compared to the OFD group. No significant differences were seen between CM and CS. Conversely, the CM group showed a significantly greater GR increase compared to OFD and CS. CONCLUSIONS: Both regenerative treatments produced additional clinical benefits over OFD alone. Moreover, the use of CS may minimize post-surgical recession.[/toggle]

  Paolantonio M, Perinetti G, D’Ercole S, Graziani F, Catamo G, Sammartino G, Piccolomini R.
  Internal decontamination of dental implants: an in vivo randomized microbiologic 6-month trial on the effects of a chlorhexidine gel.
  J Periodontol 2008;79:1419-25.

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  BACKGROUND: Microbial penetration inside an implant's internal cavity results in a bacterial reservoir that has been associated with an area of inflamed connective tissue facing the fixture-abutment junction. The aim of the present clinical trial was to evaluate the effectiveness of a 1% chlorhexidine gel on the internal bacterial contamination of implants with screw-retained abutments. METHODS: Thirty subjects (age range: 27.3 to 54.2 years) underwent single implant restoration. Three months after prosthodontic restoration, the modified sulcus bleeding index, modified plaque index, full-mouth plaque score, and full-mouth bleeding score were recorded. Microbiologic samples were also collected from the internal part of each fixture. Subjects were then divided into two equal groups: control and test groups (CG and TG, respectively). The CG had the abutment screwed and the crown cemented without any further intervention. Conversely, the TG had the internal part of the fixture filled with a 1% chlorhexidine gel before the abutment placement and screw tightening. Six months later, microbiologic and clinical procedures were repeated in both groups. Total bacterial count and multiplex polymerase chain analysis were performed to detect specific pathogens. RESULTS: Clinical parameters remained stable throughout the study. From baseline to the 6-month examination, the total bacterial counts underwent a significant reduction in the TG (P<0.05). Detection of the single pathogen species did not show any significant differences. However, periopathogens were detected more frequently in the CG. CONCLUSION: The application of a 1% chlorhexidine gel seemed to be an effective method to reduce bacterial colonization of the implant cavity over a 6-month period.[/toggle]

  Perinetti G, Paolantonio M, Femminella B, Serra E, Spoto G.
  Gingival crevicular fluid alkaline phosphatase activity reflects periodontal healing/recurrent inflammation phases in chronic periodontitis patients.
  J Periodontol 2008;79:1200-7.

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  BACKGROUND: Roles for host enzymes as diagnostic indicators of periodontal status in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) have been proposed. One of these host enzymes is alkaline phosphatase (ALP), the GCF activity of which has been associated with periodontal inflammation. Thus, the present study aimed to improve our understanding of how the healing of chronic periodontitis following scaling and root planing (SRP) affects GCF ALP activity after 15 and 60 days. METHODS: Sixteen systemically healthy subjects (aged 35 to 61 years) with moderate to advanced generalized chronic periodontitis were recruited. In each subject, paired pockets with probing depths (PDs) > or =4 mm that were located in two symmetric quadrants were chosen. These sites were randomized at the split-mouth level, with half receiving SRP treatment and the other half left untreated. Ninety-two pockets were included in the study. Clinical examinations were performed at baseline (prior to SRP) and after 15 and 60 days; information recorded included the presence of plaque, PD, clinical attachment level (CAL), and bleeding on probing. GCF was collected from each pocket included in the study at the three time points. RESULTS: A large and significant decrease in GCF ALP activity was seen 15 days after SRP, concomitant with an improvement in clinical parameters. After 60 days, an increase in GCF ALP activity back to baseline levels was recorded along with further improvements in clinical parameters. Moreover, in the SRP pockets with initial PDs >6 mm, the CAL gains between days 15 and 60 were significantly associated with changes in GCF ALP activity over the same time interval. CONCLUSIONS: The decrease in GCF ALP activity at 15 days corresponded to a decrease in clinical signs of inflammation; in contrast, the increase in GCF ALP activity at 60 days seemed to be related to subclinical recurrent inflammation or further healing/remodeling of the periodontal tissue. Therefore, GCF ALP reflects the short-term periodontal healing/recurrent inflammation phases in chronic periodontitis patients.

  Paolantonio M, D’Angelo M, Grassi RF, Perinetti G, Piccolomini R, Pizzo G, Annunziata M, D’Archivio D, D’Ercole S, Nardi G, Guida L.
  Clinical and microbiologic effects of subgingival controlled-release delivery of chlorhexidine chip in the treatment of periodontitis: a multicenter study.
  J Periodontol 2008;79:271-82.

  D’Ercole S, Piccolomini R, Capaldo G, Catamo G, Perinetti G, Guida L.
  Effectiveness of ultrasonic instruments in the therapy of severe periodontitis: a comparative clinical-microbiological assessment with curettes.
  New Microbiol 2006;29:101-10.

  Perinetti G, Paolantonio M, Cordella C, D’Ercole S, Serra E, Piccolomini R.
  Clinical and microbiological effects of subgingival administration of two active gels on persistent pockets of chronic periodontitis patients.
  J Clin Periodontol 2004;31:273-81.

  Paolantonio M, D’Ercole S, Perinetti G, Tripodi D, Catamo G, Serra E, Bruè C, Piccolomini R.
  Clinical and microbiological effects of different restorative materials on the periodontal tissues adjacent to subgingival class V restorations.
  J Clin Periodontol 2004;31:200-7.

  Paolantonio M, Dolci M, Esposito P, D’Archivio D, Lisanti L, Di Luccio A, Perinetti G.
  Subpedicle acellular dermal matrix graft and autogenous connective tissue graft in the treatment of gingival recessions: a comparative 1-year clinical study.
  J Periodontol 2002;73:1299-307.

• Orthodontics, biomarkers of tooth movement and growth (28) continua a leggere

  Perinetti G, Perillo L, Franchi L, Di Lenarda R, Contardo L.
  Maturation of the middle phalanx of the third finger and cervical vertebrae: a comparative and diagnostic agreement study.
  Orthod Craniofac Res 2014; Epub

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  OBJECTIVE: Diagnostic agreement on individual basis between the third middle phalanx maturation (MPM) method and the cervical vertebral maturation (CVM) method has conjecturally been based mainly on overall correlation analyses. Herein, the true agreement between methods according to stage and sex has been evaluated through a comprehensive diagnostic performance analysis. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Four hundred and fifty-one Caucasian subjects were included in the study, 231 females and 220 males (mean age, 12.2 ± 2.5 years; range, 7.0-17.9 years). The X-rays of the middle phalanx of the third finger and the lateral cephalograms were examined for staging by blinded operators, blinded for MPM stages and subjects' age. The MPM and CVM methods based on six stages, two pre-pubertal (1 and 2), two pubertal (3 and 4), and two post-pubertal (5 and 6), were considered. Specifically, for each MPM stage, the diagnostic performance in the identification of the corresponding CVM stage was described by Bayesian statistics. RESULTS: For both sexes, overall agreement was 77.6%. Most of the disagreement was due to 1 stage apart. Slight disagreement was seen for the stages 5 and 6, where the third middle phalanx shows an earlier maturation. CONCLUSIONS: The two maturational methods show an overall satisfactorily diagnostic agreement. However, at post-pubertal stages, the middle phalanx of the third finger appears to mature earlier than the cervical vertebrae. Post-pubertal growth phase should thus be based on the presence of stage 6 in MPM.

  Perinetti G, Primožič J, Furlani G, Franchi L, Contardo L.
  Treatment effects of fixed functional appliances alone or in combination with multibracket appliances: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
  Angle Orthod 2014; Epub

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  Objective: To assess skeletal and dentoalveolar effects of fixed functional appliances, alone or in combination with multibracket appliances (comprehensive treatment), on Class II malocclusion in pubertal and postpubertal patients. Materials and Methods: Literature survey was conducted using the Medline, SCOPUS, LILACS, and SciELO databases and The Cochrane Library, and through a manual search. The studies retrieved had to have a matched untreated control group. No restrictions were set regarding the type of fixed appliance, treatment length, or to the cephalometric analysis used. Data extraction was mostly predefined at the protocol stage by two authors. Supplementary mandibular elongation was used for the meta-analysis. Results: Twelve articles qualified for the final analysis of which eight articles were on pubertal patients and four were on postpubertal patients. Overall supplementary total mandibular elongations as mean (95% confidence interval) were 1.95 mm (1.47 to 2.44) and 2.22 mm (1.63 to 2.82) among pubertal patients and -1.73 mm (-2.60 to -0.86) and 0.44 mm (-0.78 to 1.66) among postpubertal patients, for the functional and comprehensive treatments, respectively. For pubertal subjects, maxillary growth restraint was also reported. Nevertheless, skeletal effects alone would not account for the whole Class II correction even in pubertal subjects with dentoalveolar effects always present. Conclusions: Fixed functional treatment is effective in treating Class II malocclusion with skeletal effects when performed during the pubertal growth phase, very few data are available on postpubertal patients.

  Perinetti G, Caprioglio A, Contardo L.
  Visual assessment of the cervical vertebral maturation stages: A study of diagnostic accuracy and repeatability.
  Angle Orthod 2014; Epub.

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  Abstract Objective: To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy and repeatability of the visual assessment of the cervical vertebral maturation (CVM) stages. Materials and Methods: Ten operators underwent training sessions in visual assessment of CVM staging. Subsequently, they were asked to stage 72 cases equally divided into the six stages. Such assessment was repeated twice in two sessions (T1 and T2) 4 weeks apart. A reference standard for each case was created according to a cephalometric analysis of both the concavities and shapes of the cervical vertebrae. Results: The overall agreement with the reference standard was about 68% for both sessions and 76.9% for intrarater repeatability. The overall kappa coefficients with the reference standard were up to 0.86 for both sessions, and 0.88 for intrarater repeatability. Overall, disagreements one stage and twp stage apart were 23.5% (T1) and 5.1% (T2), respectively. Sensitivity ranged from 53.3% for CS5 (T1) to 99.9% for CS1 (T2), positive predictive values ranged from 52.4% for CS5 (T2) to 94.3% for CS6 (T1), and accuracy ranged from 83.6% for CS4 (T2) to 94.9% for CS1 (T1). Conclusions: Visual assessment of the CVM stages is accurate and repeatable to a satisfactory level. About one in three cases remain misclassified; disagreement is generally limited to one stage and is mostly seen in stages 4 and 5.

  Ovsenik M, Perinetti G, Zhurov A, Richmond S, Primožič J.
  Three-dimensional assessment of facial asymmetry among pre-pubertal class III subjects: a controlled study
  Eur J Orthod 2013; Epub.

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  BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE: Facial asymmetry is very common in adult class III patients; however, the degree of facial asymmetry in growing class III subjects has been poorly investigated. Therefore, the aim was to assess the degree of facial asymmetry of growing class III subjects and to compare it with a sample of growing subjects without malocclusion, recorded using a three-dimensional laser scanning method and classified according to the dentition phase. SUBJECTS/METHODS: A group of 156 Caucasian subjects, 52 with class III malocclusion (28 females and 24 males) and 104 without malocclusion (control, 51 females and 53 males), with an overall mean age 6.7±1.4 years (range 4.3-10.3 years), were included. The subjects were further subdivided according to the presence of either primary or early/intermediate mixed dentitions. Facial asymmetry was assessed on three-dimensional surface facial images obtained using a laser scanning device in terms of mirrored face distances and percentages of asymmetry. Multivariate analyses were used to assess the differences among class III and control groups. RESULTS: Complete facial symmetry was not seen in any subject. No significant differences of facial asymmetry were observed between the class III and control groups, neither in the primary nor in the early/intermediate mixed dentition phases. LIMITATIONS: No conclusions about longitudinal changes in the degree of facial asymmetry among class III subjects could be drawn from the present cross-sectional study. CONCLUSIONS: Based on three-dimensional facial asymmetry analysis, class III subjects do not show clinically relevant facial asymmetry, at least during the pre-pubertal growth period.

  Perillo L, Femiano A, Palumbo S, Contardo L, Perinetti G.
  Skeletal and dental effects produced by Functional Regulator-2 in pre-pubertal Class II patients: A controlled study.
  Prog Orthod 2013;14:18.

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  BACKGROUND: Whether skeletal effects are obtained by functional appliances in class II subjects is still controversial. In this regard, most of the available studies did not clearly identify the growth phases (i.e. pubertal or not) of the treated patients. This retrospective controlled study aimed at evaluating the skeletal and dental changes in class II subjects produced by the functional regulator (FR)-2 treatment during the pre-pubertal growth phase. METHODS: The data were derived from records obtained at a university dental clinic. A total of 17 treated subjects and a total of 17 untreated controls, all pre-pubertal, matched for malocclusion, age (8.8±1.5 years) and sex (18 females, 16 males), were included. The overall observational period was 1.6±0.8 years for both groups. RESULTS: Only minor skeletal changes with very little clinical relevance were seen after the observational period. Most of the changes produced by the FR-2 treatment were at the dental level including palatal tipping of the maxillary incisors and slight proclination of the mandibular incisors, both accounting for the noteworthy overjet reduction. CONCLUSIONS: The present study has shown that functional treatment of class II malocclusion by FR-2 appliance during the pre-pubertal growth phase is limited to modification at the dental level.

  Perinetti G, Callovi M, Salgarello S, Biasotto M, Contardo L.
  Eruption of the permanent maxillary canines in relation to mandibular second molar maturity.
  Angle Orthod 2013;83:578-83.

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  OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the timing of spontaneous maxillary canine eruption in relation to stages of mandibular second molar maturation. Potential confounding effects from such factors as age, growth phase, and facial features were also explored. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: A sample of 106 healthy subjects (48 females and 58 males; age range, 9.4-14.3 years) with both permanent maxillary canines during the final phase of intraoral eruption were included. Mandibular second molar maturation (stages E to H) was assessed according to the method of Demirjian. Skeletal maturity was determined using the cervical vertebral maturational (CVM) method. Facial vertical and sagittal relationships were evaluated by recording the Sella-Nasion/mandibular plane (SN/MP) angle and the ANB angle. An ordered multiple logistic regression was run to evaluate adjusted correlation of each parameter with the mandibular second molar maturational stage. RESULTS: Overall, the prevalence of the different second molar maturational stages was 36.8%, 37.8%, and 27.4% for stages E, F and G, respectively. According to the regression model, this relation was not influenced by sex, CVM stage, SN/MP angle, and ANB angle. CONCLUSIONS: Irrespective of sex, growth phase, and facial features, the maturational stage of the mandibular second molar may be a reliable indicator for the timing of spontaneous eruption of the maxillary canine.

  Perinetti G, Di Lenarda R, Contardo L.
  Diagnostic performance of individual and combined canine and second molar maturity for identification of growth phase.
  Prog Orthod 2013;14:1.

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  BACKGROUND: The objective of this research is to analyze the diagnostic performance of the circumpubertal dental maturation stages of the mandibular canine and second molar, as individual teeth and in combination, for the identification of growth phase. METHODS: A total of 300 healthy subjects, 192 females and 108 males, were enrolled in the study (mean age, 11.4±2.4 years; range, 6.8 to 17.1 years). Dental maturity was assessed through the calcification stages from panoramic radiographs of the mandibular canine and second molar. Determination of growth phase (as pre-pubertal, pubertal, and post-pubertal) was carried out according to the cervical vertebral maturation method. The diagnostic performances of the dental maturation stages, as both individual teeth and in combination, for the identification of the growth phase were evaluated using positive likelihood ratios (LHRs), with a threshold of ≥10 for satisfactory performance. RESULTS: For the individual dental maturation stages, most of these positive LHRs were ≤1.6, with values≥10 seen only for the identification of the pre-pubertal growth phase for canine stage F and second molar stages D and E, and for the post-pubertal growth phase for second molar stage H. All of the combined dental maturation stages yielded positive LHRs up to 2.6. CONCLUSIONS: Dental maturation of either individual or combined teeth has little role in the identification of the pubertal growth spurt and should not be used to assess timing for treatments that are required to be performed at this growth phase.

  Perinetti G, Westphalen GH, Biasotto M, Salgarello S, Contardo L.
  The diagnostic performance of dental maturity in the identification of the pubertal growth spurt: A meta-analysis.
  Prog Orthod 2013; 14:8.

  Primožič J, Perinetti G, Contardo L, Ovsenik M.
  The diagnostic performance of three-dimensional evaluation of palatal vault changes in assessing successful treatment for constricted maxilla in growing subjects.
  Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2013;143:42-49.

  Perinetti G, Primožič J, Castaldo A, Di Lenarda R, Contardo L.
  Is gingival crevicular fluid volume sensitive to orthodontic tooth movement? A meta-analysis of split-mouth longitudinal studies.
  Orthod Craniofac Res 2013;16:1-19.

  Primožič J, Franchi L, Perinetti G, Richmond S, Ovsenik M.
  Influence of sucking habits and breathing pattern on palatal constriction in unilateral posterior crossbite – a controlled study.
  Eur J Orthod 2013;35:706-12.

  Primožič J, Perinetti G, Richmond S, Ovsenik M.
  Three-dimensional evaluation of facial asymmetry in association with unilateral functional crossbite in the primary, early, and late mixed dentition phases.
  Angle Orthod 2013;83:253-8.

  Primožič J, Farcnik F, Perinetti G, Richmond S, Ovsenik M.
  The association of tongue posture with the dentoalveolar maxillary and mandibular morphology in Class III malocclusion: a controlled study.
  Eur J Orthod 2013;35:388-93.

  Primožič J, Perinetti G, Richmond S, Ovsenik M.
  Assessment of facial asymmetry in growing subjects with a three-dimensional laser scanning system.
  Orthod Craniofac Res 2012;15:237-244.

  Perinetti G, Franchi L, Di Lenarda R, Contardo L.
  Gingival crevicular fluid protein content and alkaline phosphatase activity in relation to the pubertal growth phase.
  Angle Orthod 2012;82:1047-1052.

  Primožič J, Perinetti G, Richmond S, Ovsenik M.
  Three-dimensional evaluation of palatal vault changes in children. A longitudinal study.
  Angle Orthod 2012;82:632-636.

  Perinetti G, Contardo L, Baccetti T, Gabrieli PF, Di Lenarda R.
  The diagnostic performance of dental maturity in the identification of the pubertal growth spurt.
  Eur J Orthod 2012;34:487-492.

  Drummond S, Canavarro C, Perinetti G, Palmier Teles R, Capelli J Jr.
  The monitoring of gingival crevicular fluid volume during orthodontic treatment. A longitudinal randomised split-mouth study.
  Eur J Orthod 2012;34:109-113.

  Perinetti G, Baccetti T, Di Leonardo B, Di Lenarda R, Contardo L.
  Dentition phase and chronological age in relation to gingival crevicular fluid alkaline phosphatase activity in growing subjects.
  Prog Orthod 2011; 12:100-106.

  Perinetti G, Baccetti T, Di Lenarda R, Contardo L.
  Gingival crevicular fluid alkaline phosphatase activity as a non-invasive biomarker of skeletal maturation.
  Orthod Craniofac Res 2011;14:44-50.

  Perinetti G, Paolantonio M, D’Attilio M, D’Archivio D, Tripodi D, Femminella B, Festa F, Spoto G.
  Alkaline phosphatase activity in human dental pulps of orthodontically treated teeth.
  Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2005;128:492-96.

  Perinetti G , Serra E, Paolantonio M, Bruè C, Di Meo S, Filippi MR, Festa F, Spoto G.
  Lactate dehydrogenase activity in human gingival crevicular fluid during orthodontic treatment: A controlled short-term longitudinal study.
  J Periodontol 2005; 76:411-17.

  D’Attilio M, Di Maio F, D’Arcangela C, Filippi MR, Felaco M, Lohinai Z, Festa F, Perinetti G.
  Gingival endothelial and inducible nitric oxide synthase levels during orthodontic treatment. A cross-sectional study.
  Angle Orthod 2004;74:849-56.

  Perinetti G, Paolantonio M, D’Archivio D, Serra E, D’Ercole S, Festa F, Spoto G.
  Longitudinal monitoring of subgingival colonization by Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, and crevicular alkaline phosphatase and aspartate aminotransferase activities around orthodontically treated teeth.
  J Clin Periodontol 2004;31:60-7.

  Perinetti G, Varvara G, Festa F, Esposito P.
  Aspartate aminotransferase activity in human dental pulps of orthodontically treated teeth.
  Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2004;125:88-92.

  Serra E, Perinetti G , D’Attilio M, Cordella C, Paolantonio M, Festa F, Spoto G.
  Lactate dehydrogenase activity in gingival crevicular fluid during orthodontic treatment.
  Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2003;124:206-11.

  Perinetti G, Paolantonio M, D’Attilio M, D’Archivio D, Dolci M, Femminella B, Festa F, Spoto G.
  Aspartate aminotransferase activity in gingival crevicular fluid during orthodontic treatment. A controlled short-term longitudinal study. J Periodontol 2003;74:145-52.

  Perinetti G, Paolantonio M, D’Attilio M, D’Archivio D, Tripodi D, Femminella B, Festa F, Spoto G.
  Alkaline phosphatase activity in gingival crevicular fluid during human orthodontic tooth movement.
  Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2002;122:548-56.

• Miscellaneous (7) continua a leggere

  Ottaviani G, Gobbo M, Sturnega M, Martinelli V, Mano M, Zanconati F, Bussani R, Perinetti G, Long CS, Di Lenarda R, Giacca M, Biasotto M, Zaccchigna S.
  Effect of Class IV Laser Therapy on Chemotherapy-Induced Oral Mucositis: A Clinical and Experimental Study.
  Am J Pathol 2013;183:1747-57.

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  Oral mucositis (OM) is a serious and acute side effect in patients with cancer who receive chemotherapy or radiotherapy, often leading to the suspension of therapy and a need for opioid analgesic and enteral/parenteral nutrition, with an effect on patient survival. Among the various interventions proposed in OM management, laser therapy is becoming a recommended treatment option but has limitations due to its heterogeneouslaser parameters. Here, we report on our successful clinical experience on the use of class IV laser therapy to treat OM induced by different chemotherapy regimens. To shed light on the mechanisms of action of laser therapy in improving OM resolution, we have developed an animal model of chemotherapy-induced OM, in which we compare the efficacy of the standard low-power laser therapy protocol with an innovative protocol, defined as high-power laser therapy. We show that high-power laser therapy is more effective than low-power laser therapy in improving OM lesion healing, reducing the inflammatory burden, and preserving tissue integrity. In addition, high-power laser therapy has been particularly effective in promoting the formation of new arterioles within the granulation tissue. Our results provide important insights into the mechanism of action of biostimulating laser therapy on OM in vivo and pave a way for clinical experimentation with the use of high-power laser therapy.

  Ottaviani G, Costantinides F, Perinetti G, Luzzati R, Contardo L, Visintini E, Tirelli G, Di Lenarda R, Gobbo M, Biasotto M.
  Epidemiology and variables involved in dental abscess: survey of dental emergency unit in Trieste.
  Oral Dis 2013; Epub.

  #

  OBJECTIVES: The objective of this epidemiologic study was to estimate the healing time of acute dental abscesses and to evaluate the main variables involved in the healing process itself. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Among a sample of over 24,000 patients visited at the emergency dental unit, 688 subjects were diagnosed with dental abscess and enrolled in the study. Case histories of all patients were collected to investigate the clinical course and healing time of dental abscess according to anamnestic and diagnostic data and therapeutic management. A multiple logistic regression model was performed to evaluate the association of each variable with the healing time required for dental abscess. RESULTS: Variables associated with increased healing time were spring seasonality at admission, pyretic state, trismus, involvement of multiple anatomic spaces, and spontaneous drainage. Moreover, administration of some, but not all, classes of antibiotics was also associated with an increased healing time. CONCLUSIONS: The knowledge of variables involved in healing time for dental abscess is crucial in the optimization of managing such infections in terms of cost-benefit ratio. This would represent a valuable way to ensure a shortened and more effective healing.

  Biasotto M, Perinetti G, Serroni I, Ottaviani G, Di Lenarda R, Tirelli G.
  Oral manifestation upon short time cocaine abuse. A case report.
  Minerva Stomatol 2012 ;61:295-298.

  Varvara G, Traini T, Esposito P, Caputi S, Perinetti G.
  Copper-zinc superoxide dismutase activity in healthy and inflamed human dental pulp.
  Int Endod J 2005;38:195-9.

  Varvara G, Esposito P, Franchini F, Perinetti G, Caputi S.
  A positioning device for computed tomography: a clinical report.
  J Prosthet Dent 2003;89:123-6.

  Esposito P, Varvara G, Caputi S, Perinetti G.
  Catalase activity in human healthy and inflamed dental pulps.
  Int Endod J 2003;36:599-603.

  Spoto G, Fioroni M, Rubini C, Tripodi D, Perinetti G, Piattelli A.
  Aspartate aminotransferase activity in human healthy and inflamed dental pulps.
  J Endod 2001;27:394-5.

• Letters to the Editor (5) continua a leggere

  Perinetti G.
  Cervical vertebral maturation: Is that all?
  Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2014;145:417.

  Perinetti G, Contardo L.
  Dr. Giuseppe Perinetti comments on Dr. Nozomi Maeda, et al.’s article (pps. 194-203) in CRANIO’s July, 2011 issue.
  Cranio 2011; 29:253-4;

  Perinetti G.
  Low-friction systems: in vitro veritas?
  Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2009;136:756.

  Perinetti G.
  The friction concept must acknowledge the biology of tooth movement.
  Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2008;134:468-9.

  Perinetti G.
  Putting research into clinical training.
  Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2007;132:717-8.

• Gnatology / Posture (12) continua a leggere

  Perillo L, Monsurrò A, Contardo L, Perinetti G.
  Diagnostic accuracy of body sway parameters in the identification of forward standing posture
  J Manip Physiol Ther 2013; In press

  Manfredini D, Perinetti G, Guarda-Nardini L.
  Dental malocclusion is not related to temporomandibular joint clicking: a logistic regression analysis in a patient population.
  Angle Orthod. 2013; Epub.

  Perinetti G, Primožič J, Di Lenarda R, Contardo L.
  The diagnostic potential of static body-sway recording in dentistry: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
  Eur J Orthod 2013;35:696-05.

  Manfredini D, Castroflorio T, Perinetti G, Guarda-Nardini L.
  Dental occlusion, body posture, and temporomandibular disorders: Where we are now and where we are heading for.
  J Oral Rehabil 2012;39:463-71.

  Perinetti G, Marsi L, Castaldo A, Contardo L.
  Is postural platform suited to study correlations between dental occlusion and body posture? A study of repeatability and a meta-analysis of reported variations.
  Prog Orthod 2012;13:273-80.

  Perinetti G, Türp JC, Primožič J, Di Lenarda R, Contardo L.
  Associations between the masticatory system and muscle activity of the other body districts. A meta-analysis of surface electromyography studies.
  J Electromyogr Kinesiol 2011;21-877-84.

  Perillo L, Femminella B, Farronato D, Baccetti T, Contardo L, Perinetti G.
  Do malocclusion and Helkimo Index ≥5 correlate with body posture?
  J Oral Rehabil 2011;38:242-52.

  Perinetti G, Contardo L, Biasati AS, Perdoni L, Castaldo A.
  Dental malocclusion and body posture in young subjects: a multiple regression study.
  Clinics (Sao Paulo) 2010;65:689-95.

  Perinetti G, Contardo L.
  Posturography as a diagnostic aid in dentistry: a systematic review.
  J Oral Rehabil 2009;36:922-36.

  Perinetti G.
  Temporomandibular disorders do not correlate with detectable alterations in body posture.
  J Contemp Dent Pract 2007;8:60-7.

  Perinetti G.
  Dental occlusion and body posture: no detectable correlation.
  Gait Posture 2006;24:165-8.

  D’Attilio M, Di Meo S, Perinetti G, Filippi MR, Tecco S, D’Alconzo F, Festa F
  Effects of the antigravitary modification of the myotension of asset (MAGMA) therapy on myogenic cranio-cervical-mandibular dysfunction: a longitudinal surface electromyography analysis.
  Cranio 2003;21:24-30.

• Epidemiology, Italian OHSAR survey (3) continua a leggere

  Perinetti G, Cordella C, Pellegrini F, Esposito P.
  The prevalence of malocclusal traits and their correlations in mixed dentition children: results from the Italian OHSAR Survey.
  Oral Health Prev Dent 2008;6:119-29.

  Perinetti G, Varvara G, Esposito P.
  Prevalence of dental caries in schoolchildren living in rural and urban areas: results from the first region-wide Italian survey.
  Oral Health Prev Dent 2006;4:199-207.

  Perinetti G, Caputi S, Varvara G.
  Risk/prevention indicators for the prevalence of dental caries in schoolchildren: results from the Italian OHSAR Survey.
  Caries Res 2005;39:9-19.

• Editorials (1) continua a leggere

  Perinetti G.
  Correlations between the stomatognathic system and body posture: biological or clinical implications?
  Clinics (Sao Paulo) 2009;64:77-8.

• Dental materials (4) continua a leggere

  Contardo L, Perinetti G, Castaldo A, Franchi L, Baccetti T, Di Lenarda R.
  Effects of deflection and archwire dimension on the mechanical performance of two self-ligating orthodontic systems.
  Prog Orthod 2012;13:2-9.

  Perinetti G, Contardo L, Ceschi M, Antoniolli F, Franchi L, Baccetti T, Di Lenarda R.
  Surface corrosion and fracture resistance of two nickel-titanium-based archwires induced by fluoride, pH, and thermocycling. An in vitro comparative study.
  Eur J Orthod 2012;34:1-9.

  Vidoni G, Perinetti G, Antoniolli F, Castaldo A, Contardo L.
  Combined aging effects of strain and thermocycling on unload deflection modes of nickel-titanium closed-coil springs: an in-vitro comparative study.
  Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2010;138:451-57.

  Varvara G, Perinetti G, Di Iorio D, Murmura G, Caputi S.
  In vitro evaluation of fracture resistance and failure mode of internally restored endodontically treated maxillary incisors with differing heights of residual dentin.
  J Prosthet Dent 2007;98:365-72.

• Cell Biology (6) continua a leggere

  Capestrano M, Mariggiò S, Perinetti G, Egorova AV, Iacobacci S, Di Pentima A, Iurisci C, Egorov M, Di Tullio G, Buccione R, Luini A, Polishchuk RS
  Cytosolic phospholipase A2 drives recycling in the clathrin-independent endocytic route.
  J Cell Sci 2014;127:977-93.

  #

  Previous studies have demonstrated that membrane tubule-mediated transport events in biosynthetic and endocytic routes require phospholipase A2 (PLA2) activity. Here, we show that cytosolic phospholipase A2ε (cPLA2ε, also known as PLA2G4E) is targeted to the membrane compartments of the clathrin-independent endocytic route through a C-terminal stretch of positively charged amino acids, which allows the enzyme to interact with phosphoinositide lipids [especially PI(4,5)P2] that are enriched in clathrin-independent endosomes. Ablation of cPLA2ε suppressed the formation of tubular elements that carry internalized clathrin-independent cargoes, such as MHC-I, CD147 and CD55, back to the cell surface and, therefore, caused their intracellular retention. The ability of cPLA2ε to support recycling through tubule formation relies on the catalytic activity of the enzyme, because the inactive cPLA2ε(S420A) mutant was not able to recover either tubule growth or transport from clathrin-independent endosomes. Taken together, our findings indicate that cPLA2ε is a new important regulator of trafficking processes within the clathrin-independent endocytic and recycling route. The affinity of cPLA2ε for this pathway supports a new hypothesis that different PLA2 enzymes use selective targeting mechanisms to regulate tubule formation locally during specific trafficking steps in the secretory and/or endocytic systems.

  Micaroni M, Perinetti G, Berrie CP, Mironov AA.
  The SPCA1 Ca2+ pump and intracellular membrane trafficking.
  Traffic 2010;11:1315-33.

  Micaroni M, Perinetti G, Di Giandomenico D, Bianchi K, Spaar A, Mironov AA.
  Synchronous intra-Golgi transport induces the release of Ca2+ from the Golgi apparatus.
  Exp Cell Res 2010;316:2071-86.

  Finetti F, Paccani SR, Riparbelli MG, Giacomello E, Perinetti G, Pazour GJ, Rosenbaum JL, Baldari CT.
  Intraflagellar transport is required for polarized recycling of the TCR/CD3 complex to the immune synapse.
  Nat Cell Biol 2009;11:1332-9.

  Perinetti G, Muller T, Spaar A, Polishchuk R, Luini A, Egner A.
  Correlation of 4Pi and electron microscopy to study transport through single Golgi stacks in living cells with super resolution.
  Traffic 2009;10:379-91.

  Liberali P, Kakkonen E, Turacchio G, Valente C, Spaar A, Perinetti G, Böckmann RA, Corda D, Colanzi A, Marjomaki V, Luini A.
  The closure of Pak1-dependent macropinosomes requires the phosphorylation of CtBP1/BARS.
  EMBO J 2008;27:970-81.

• Book chapters (peer-reviewed) (3) continua a leggere

  Franchi L, Contardo L, Primožič J, Perinetti G.
  Clinical alteration of mandibular growth: what we know after 40 years.
  In: McNamara JA Jr, Editor. The 40th Moyers Symposium: Looking Back, looking Forward. Craniofacial Growth Series, Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry and Center for Human Growth and Development, The University of Michigan. Ann Arbor: Needham Press; 2014 in press.

  Perinetti G, Contardo L, Baccetti T.
  The gingival crevicular fluid as a source of biomarkers of patient responsiveness to orthodontic treatment.
  In: McNamara JA Jr, Editor. Taking advantage of emerging technologies in clinical practice. Craniofacial Growth Series, Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry and Center for Human Growth and Development, The University of Michigan. Ann Arbor: Needham Press; 2012. p. 197-221.

  Perinetti G, Contardo L, Franchi L, Baccetti T.
  The biology of orthodontic tooth movement and the impact of anti-inflammatory drugs.
  In: McNamara JA Jr, Hatch N, Kapila SD, editors. Effective and Efficient Orthodontic Tooth Movement. Craniofacial Growth Series, Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry and Center for Human Growth and Development, The University of Michigan. Ann Arbor: Needham Press; 2011. p. 117-40.